The constraint of plasma power balance on runaway avoidance

Abstract In a post-thermal-quench plasma, mitigated or unmitigated, the plasma power balance is mostly between collisional Ohmic heating and radiative cooling. of atomic mixture { n α stretchy="false">} with α labeling species, sets temperature, ion charge state distribution $\{n_\alpha^i\}$?> i i number, through electron temperature $T_\mathrm{e}$?> T e $\{n_\alpha^i\},$?> , parallel electric field $E_\parallel.$?> E ∥ . Since threshold for runaway avalanche growth $E_\mathrm{av}$?> mathvariant="normal">a mathvariant="normal">v also set by mixture, its derived quantity, density $n_\mathrm{e},$?> cooling imposes stringent constraint on regime avoiding minimizing runaways when fusion-grade tokamak rapidly terminated.